Papers

Government formation in the National Assembly for Wales

Co-authored with Rosanne Palmer and Stephen Thornton, Published in No Overall Control? The impact of a ‘hung parliament’ on British politics, (ed.) Alex Brazier and Susanna Kalitowski

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Wales, nationalist protest, 19th century

Published in International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest, ed. Immanuel Ness, Blackwell Publishing, 2009, pp. 3497–3501

Britain: Trade Union Movement

Published in the 'International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest', ed. Immanuel Ness, Blackwell Publishing, 2009, pp. 519–526

Review of The Labour Governments, 1964–1970

Published in Reviews in History (Review no. 586)

The Post Office Home Guard in the Second World War

Written for the British Postal Museum and Archive Website

Women Post Office Workers in Britain: The Long Struggle for Gender Equality and the Positive Impact of World War II

Published in 'Essays in Economic and Business History', Vol XXX, 2012, pp. 83-97.

In Britain during the Second World War, the Post Office constituted the single largest employer of women. Historically, the Post Office, like many other employers, had discriminated against women. During World War I, shortages of male labor had resulted in some opportunities for women at the Post Office, but the improvement had neither been comprehensive nor enduring. Unlike World War I, World War II, however, proved to a real turning point in the Post Office’s personnel practices. By the end of the Second World War, while the Post Office still did not treat women workers completely equally (persisting, for instance, in gender-biased pay practices), management nevertheless had made strides in their treatment and perception of women workers. Post Office executives increasingly perceived women on the payroll not as temporary wartime employees, but as permanent employees, who would be just as essential in peacetime as in war.

 

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